Global warming is caused by the greenhouse effect, which is essential to life as we know it on planet earth. Beyond discovery beyond discovery this article was published in 1996 and has not been updated or revised. Five steps for raising awareness on ozone depletion. Therefore many governments are taking measures to prevent ozone depletion. Find out what caused the ozone hole, and how the 1989 montreal protocol sought to put an end to ozone depletion. Ozonedepleting potential odp is the ratio of the impact on ozone caused by a chemical compared to the impact of a similar mass of cfc11. Ozone depletion results in an increase of uvb radiation, but the shorter the wavelength, the stronger the increase within the uvb range. There have been several concerns about ozone depletion.
Ozone depletion required twenty questions and answers. Les diablerets, switzerland by jeanpierre pommereau, june 2010. It covers the entire planet and protects life on earth by absorbing harmful ultravioletb uvb radiation from the sun. Pdf file why has an ozone hole appeared over antarctica when ozone depleting substances are present. Ozone layer depletion, is simply the wearing out reduction of the amount of ozone in the stratosphere. A handbook for national ozone units shows ods officers how to help the public and industry be aware of ozone issues. Bangkok beijing, 1 june 2010 after having closed down all its production plants for cfcs much ahead of the schedule of the montreal protocol, the worlds largest producer of ozone depleting. Cfcs has led to a magnified springtime depletion of the protective ozone layer at both earths poles, especially over antarctica, a phenomenon well known as the ozone hole. Ozone depletion, ultraviolet radiation, climate change and. The section on ozone depletion and global warming was about the connection between global warming and ozone depletion. Effects of ozone depletion ozone depletion is affecting the human health and environment negatively, as it allows the penetration of uv radiations to reach the earth. Ozone depletion was a good articles nominee, but did not meet the good article criteria at the time.
Ozone depletion also explains much of the observed reduction in stratospheric and upper tropospheric temperatures. An ebook is one of two file formats that are intended to be used with ereader devices and apps such as amazon kindle or apple ibooks. Global warming and ozone layer depletion are two different problems see the sidebar misconceptions about global atmospheric change on page 95. There are suggestions below for improving the article. Intended mainly for national ozone units in developing countries but useful for anyone. Although natural phenomenon can cause ozone depletion but human activities such as cfcs are now accepted as major cause of depletion 9. Apr 17, 2020 view the latest status of the ozone layer over the antarctic, with a focus on the ozone hole.
The thinning is most pronounced in the polar regions, especially over antarctica. The roll of ozone is very crucial and significant because it acts as a protective shield in the biosphere ecosystem against their exposure to deadly and dangerous ultraviolet radiation. The rate of ozone loss by the brominechlorine mechanism mcelroy et al. Ozone depletion free download as powerpoint presentation. The ozone layer acts like a shield in the upper atmosphere the stratosphere, to protect life on earth from harmful ultra violet uv radiation. Within the stratosphere, the ozone layer is the portion that contains the highest. Pdf causes of ozone layer depletion and its effects on.
Includes a fivestep planning cycle, with examples of each step. Editors may also seek a reassessment of the decision if. Depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer by humanproduced ozone depleting substances has been recognized as a global environmental issue for more than three decades, and the international effort to address the issue via the united nations montreal protocol marked its 20year anniversary in 2007. The ozone layer is not really a layer at all, but has become known as such because most ozone particles are scattered between 19 and 30 kilometers 12 to 30 miles up in the earths atmosphere, in a region called the stratosphere. These radiations can cause severe diseases in humans such as skin cancer, eye damage and genetic mutations etc 9. The ozone hole in antarctica cool antarctica, pictures of. Ozone depletion is the process of destruction of the ozone layer which can cause adverse effects on the living forms by many pollutants releases out from the vehicles, industries etc. Click download or read online button to get acid rain and ozone layer depletion book now. But through domestic and international action, the ozone layer is healing and should fully recover by about 2065. In the mid1990s, when cfcs were phasedout in industrialized countries nonarticle 5 countries, illegal trade in those chemicals emerged. The net gwps of halocarbons depend strongly upon the effectiveness of each compound for ozone destruction. Due to this, it is also taking a toll on our health and the environment.
Pdf download files stratospheric ozone depletion, ultraviolet radiation and health pdf 107kb pdf files for other chapters and for the complete summary. Ozone depletion, gradual thinning of earths ozone layer caused by the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or. Protecting the ozone layer department of the environment. It contains some videos and gif at thte end from an external source. The term ozone depletion means more than just the natural destruction of ozone, it means that ozone loss is exceeding ozone creation. The treaty was opened for signature on september 16, 1987 and.
A significant reduction in the consumption of ozone depleting substances ods has been achieved by the eea33 countries since 1986. Since the introduction of the montreal protocol, european consumption eea28 in 1986 has fallen from approximately 343 000 ozone. The emission of ozonedepleting gases are threatening the earths ozone layer. This reduction has largely been driven by the 1987 united nations environment programme unep montreal protocol. Life is protected from uv rays by stratospheric ozone layer which acts as a shield or sun screen 2.
Tthe ozone hole and global he ozone hole and global global. Observations of column abundances of clo 1018 molecules m2 and ozone dobson units above 100 hpa about 16 km in the antarctic in september 1992, from the. Cause effect solution the ozone hole global warming tthe ozone hole and global he ozone hole and global wwarming 2arming 2 the ozone hole and global warming fact file if all the ozone above your head was collected in a continuous layer, it would. Report on kyrgyzstan nous activities devoted to the 16th. Report on kyrgyzstan nous activities devoted to the 16th of september international day of ozone layer protection. Gwp is a relative value of the global warming effect caused by a chemical substance by unit weight emitted to the. Ozone depletion facts and information national geographic. The questions address the nature of atmospheric ozone, the chemicals that cause ozone depletion, how global and polar ozone depletion occur, and what could lie ahead for the ozone layer. Depletion of the ozone layer occurs globally, however, the severe depletion of the ozone layer over the antarctic is often referred to as the ozone hole. Ozone layer depletion is the thinning of the ozone layer present in the atmosphere. Ozone depletion potentials odps were a very important measure in the formulation of the montreal protocol and its amendments. Satellite instruments monitor the ozone layer, and we use their data to create the images that depict the amount of ozone.
Mar 28, 2020 ozone depletion biology projects, biology science fair project ideas, biology topics for cbse school,icse biology experiments for kids and also for middle school, elementary school for class 5th grade,6th,7th,8th,9th 10th,11th, 12th grade and high school, msc and college students. Ozone in the stratospherea layer of the atmosphere between 15 and 50 kilometers 10 and. Companies are finding substitutes for cfcs, and people in general are becoming more awareness of the dangers of ozone layer depletion. Click any map image to bring up a new page with a highresolution image. Ozone o3 is a molecule made up of three atoms of oxygen o, and is mostly found in the strato sphere, where it protects us from the suns harmful ultraviolet. Stratospheric ozone depletion is a concern because the ozone layer in the stratosphere keeps 9599% of the suns ultraviolet radiation from striking the earth.
Pdf there are many situations where human activities have significant effects on the environment. Scientific assessment of ozone depletion montreal protocol. Internet resources for both ozone information, and neat digitized images of the antarctic ozone hole. Mar 21, 2020 ozone depletion, gradual thinning of earths ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused by the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other human activities. Gwps including indirect effects of ozone depletion have been estimated fo r a variety of halocarbons cfcs, halons, hcfcs, etc. Acid rain and ozone layer depletion download ebook pdf.
A warming trend and stratospheric ozone depletion have been observed in europe over the last four decades. Project report on ozone depletion environmental pollution. Ozone depletion potentials odps provide a rel ative measure of the expected impact on ozone per unit mass emission of a gas as compared to that expected from the same mass emission of cfc11 integrated over time wuebbles, 1983. The split off article whilst it has the same name seems to be about a comparison of how people have responded and what social studies says about that. This ozone depletion was shown to have serious health and environmental consequences for human skin and eyes, crops and marine life. Ozone layer depletion ozone layer depletion is the gradual thinning of the earths ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused due tho release of chemical compounds containing gaseous bromine or chlorine from industries or other human activities. The subtropical ground ozone concentration in northern hemisphere is twice the corresponding region in southern hemisphere 5. Examples of ozone depleting substances ods smuggling.
Estimates of ozone depletion and skin cancer incidence to examine the vienna convention achievements. However, the fact that there also exists another layer strong enough to stop the former one is comforting. This website addresses stratospheric ozone issues, including the science of ozone depletion, epas regulatory approach to protecting the ozone layer, epaapproved alternatives to ozone depleting substances, and sun safety. Ozone depletion, gradual thinning of earth s ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused by the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other human activities. The problem of ozone depletion and its adverse consequences have threatened the existence of life on the planet. All ozone depleting chemicals contain chlorine and bromine 10.
Ozone o3 is a stratospheric layer that plays important role in providing support to humans for their survival. Ground ozone concentration is lower in polar and equatorial regions. At the end of 20, 258 projects have been committed for an. On the eve of preparation to 16th of september international day of ozone layer protection, the following activities were performed. Let us have a detailed look at the various causes and effects of ozone layer depletion. The role of halogen chemistry in polar stratospheric ozone. The assessment documents the advances in scientific understanding of ozone depletion. Production and consumption of ozonedepleting substances. Approximately 90% ozone is present in stratosphere at the height of 10 to 17 kilometer and is called ozone layer while remaining 10% is present in troposphere 3.
Poster sustainable development goals and montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. An ebook is one of two file formats that are intended to be used. This study was conducted at university of gujrat during 20142015 as a term paper for master of philosophy. Overexposure to uv radiation can cause a range of health effects, including skin damage skin cancers and premature aging, eye damage including cataracts, and suppression of the immune system. Causes, effects and solutions of ozone layer depletion. Unlike pollution, which has many types and causes, ozone depletion has been pinned down to one major human activity. Foreword many people in europe are concerned about the impacts of climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion on human health. Additional information on data used for this image is provided by nasa ozone watch 104. Apr 18, 2019 the ozone layer helps to protect life from harmful ultraviolet radiation. The european environment and health committee identified the need to assess these topics in 1997, as part of the leadup to the third ministerial conference on envi. We care about ozone depletion because a thinner ozone layer allows more uv radiation to reach the earths surface.
Chapte r ozone depletion potentials, global warming. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. The answers are updates of those first presented in the previous ozone assessment, scientific assessment of ozone depletion. Scientific assessment of ozone depletion 2006 twenty. Download a pdf of the ozone depletion phenomenon by the national research council for free. Causes of ozone layer depletion and its effects on human. The world health organization was established in 1948 as a. At last, the montreal protocol has resulted in stopping additional ozone loss and investigated by 300 experts ver 4 years survey on ozone depletion earth day was first observed on 22 april 1970. Putting additional ozone destroying compounds such as cfcs into the atmosphere is like increasing the size of the holes in our bucket of ozone. Montreal protocol and its implications for climate change. These incidents were soon followed by the signature by the us and 180 countries of the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, an international treaty designed to phase out the production of a number of substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. About the ozone layer pdf file optional executive summary. Ozone layer depletion is one of the major environmental issues which is getting thinner day by day as a. The ozone depletion has led to a worldwide concern as the thinning protective coat over earth is letting harmful ultraviolet light pass.
The ozone hole and global warming fact file strong winds blowing around antarctica form a polar vortex which isolates air over antarctica from the rest of the world. The role of halogen chemistry in polar stratospheric ozone depletion section 1. Ozone depletion occurs when the natural balance between the production and destruction of stratospheric ozone is disturbed. Ozone depletion consists of two related events observed since the late 1970s. Our powerpoint presentation about ozone depletion, its effects and its causes. By 1996 this trade had reached alarming proportions, accounting for as much as 1220% of global trade in ozone depleting substances ods. Odp is a relative value of the ozone destructive potential of a chemical substance by unit weight emitted into atmosphere, with the unit weight of cfc11 as 1.
The ozone hole in antarctica cool antarctica, pictures. To the point where a seasonal hole in the ozone layer began to appear above the antarctic. Downloads scientific assessment of ozone depletion 2018. Ozone layer depletion cause, effects, and solutions. Ozone depletion biology science fair project ideas. Global emissions of ozonedepleting substances have declined by more than.
All of the assessment documents core assessment report, executive summary, and twenty questions and answers about the ozone layer. Increased depletion has recently started occurring over the arctic as well. The ozone hole in antarctica the seasonal thinning of the ozone layer of the earths atmosphere above antarctica, so allowing abnormal amounts of ultraviolet light to reach the earths surface in those regions. One chlorine can destroy 100,000 molecules of ozone.
Ozone depletion would magnify all of the effects of uv on human health, both positive including production of vitamin d and negative including sunburn, skin cancer, and cataracts. The buildup of oxygen in the atmosphere led to the formation of the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere or stratosphere. When there was no ozone layer, life could only exist in. A warm ing trend and stratospheric ozone depletion. Title vi for stratospheric ozone protection, signed into law. Evidence shows that the main causes of ozone depletion are the releases of manufactured chlorine and brominebased chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons cfcs, halons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons hcfcs into the atmosphere. This happens when the chlorine and bromine atoms in the atmosphere come in contact with ozone and destroy the ozone molecules. Ozone layer depletion is one of the major environmental issues which is getting thinner day by day as a result of increasing pollution. View the latest status of the ozone layer over the antarctic, with a focus on the ozone hole. The problems and causes associated with ozone depletion arise from human activities. About depletion of the ozone layer is the anticipated increase in the amounts of.
Ozone depletion ozone depletion chlorofluorocarbon. The montreal protocol 1 deals with substances that deplete the ozone layer ods and how to reduce them montreal protocol, 1987 and amendmentsadjustments. The ozone depletion phenomenon the path from research to human benefit national academy of sciences a satellite image of the ozone hole pink area over antarctica taken on september 25, 1995. The image of stratospheric ozone shows total ozone over antarctica for 6 september 2000, reproduced from ref. Introduction under the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, article 7 of the protocol. Normal ozone ozone layer depletion and its effects. Trends in emissions of ozonedepleting substances, ozone.
Once these issues have been addressed, the article can be renominated. This timeline highlights the average area of the ozone hole between september 7th and october th as observed by nasa spacedbased instruments see colored bars and scale. In addition, increased surface uv leads to increased tropospheric ozone, which is a health risk to humans. The ozone depletion phenomenon the national academies press. The ozone layer thus plays an important role by preventing the harmful uv radiations from penetrating into the earths lower atmosphere the troposphere.
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